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Musa bin Nusayr
Musa bin Nusayr ((アラビア語:موسى بن نصير) ''Mūsá bin Nuṣayr''; 640–716) served as a governor and general under the Umayyad caliph Al-Walid I. He ruled over the Muslim provinces of North Africa (Ifriqiya), and directed the Islamic conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania (Spain, Portugal, Andorra and part of France).
==Background==
Various suggestions have been made as to his ancestry. Some say his father belonged to the Lakhmid clan of seminomads who lived east of the Euphrates and were allies of the Sassanians,〔Editor's note, p. 41 of the Spanish translation of Al-Bakri.〕 while others claim he belonged to the Banu Bakr confederation.〔These conflicting accounts are mentioned by al-Baladhuri (p. 362 of English translation), Al-Bakri (p. 41 of Spanish translation).〕 The most detailed account is that of at-Tabari〔Editor's note p. 17-18 of Spanish translation of ''Akhbār majmūa''.〕 who stated that Musa's father was taken captive after the fall of the Syrian city of Ayn al-Tamr (633). According to this account, he was a Christian, possibly Persian, who was one of a number being held hostage there. However, al-Baladhuri, relating the same events,〔English translation, p. 396-397.〕 states he was an Arab of the Balī tribe, from Jabal al-Jalīl in Syria.〔Hitti, on p. 397 of his translation of al-Baladhuri, states this is Mt. Galilee, presumably intending the reader to infer the place of that name near Jerusalem. But according to Yaqut, ''Kitāb mu'jam al-buldān'', the name applies to mountains which extend up the coast of Syria to Homs and across to Damascus.〕
As a slave, Musa's father entered the service of Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (governor of Egypt and son of the caliph Marwan I) who gave him his freedom.〔al-Baladhuri, p. 397 of English translation; the same in other sources, although Al-Bakri (p. 41 of Spanish translation) says that some say he was liberated by Uthman.〕 He returned to Syria where Musa was born at a place called Kafarmara or Kafarmathra.〔al-Baladhuri, p. 397 of English translation, and editor's note.〕 The date of his birth has been given as 640.〔Al-Bakri, p. 42 of Spanish translation.〕
Musa was made co-governor of Iraq by the caliph Abd al-Malik, together with the caliph's brother Bishr ibn Marwan. There was some quarrel over missing tax money, and Musa was given the choice: pay a huge fine, or pay with his head. His father's patron, Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, had a high opinion of Musa, and paid the ransom;〔Ibn Abd al-Hakam, p. 329 of the English translation, p. 203 of Torrey's Arabic text.〕 he was later responsible for appointing Musa to be governor of Ifriqiya.
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